In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Reactive Chlorine Species for Efficient Ultrafiltration Membrane Self |
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In Situ Electrochemical Generation of Reactive Chlorine Species for Efficient Ultrafiltration Membrane Self
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Reactive membranes based on hydroxyl radical generation are hindered by the need for chemical dosing and complicated module and material design. Herein, we utilize an electrochemical approach featuring in situ generation of reactive (radical) chlorine species (RCS) through anodization of chloride ions for membrane self-cleaning. A hybridized carbon nanotube (CNT)-functionalized ceramic membrane (h-CNT/CM), possessing high hydrophilicity, permeability, and conductivity, was fabricated. Using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a probe, we confirmed the presence of RCS in the electrified h-CNT/CM. The rapid and complete degradation of CBZ in a single-pass ultrafiltration indicates a high localized RCS concentration within the three-dimensional porous CNT interwoven layer. We further demonstrate that the electrogeneration of RCS is a critical prestep for free chlorine (HClO and ClO–) formation. The self-cleaning efficiency of the membrane after fouling with a model organic foulant (alginate) was assessed using an electrified cross-flow membrane filtration system. The fouled h-CNT/CM exhibits a near complete water flux recovery following a short (1 min) self-cleaning with an applied voltage of 3 or 4 V and feed solutions of 100 or 10 mM sodium chloride, respectively. Considering the superior performance of the RCS-mediated self-cleaning compared to conventional membrane chemical cleaning using sodium hypochlorite, our results exemplify an effective strategy for in situ electrogeneration of RCS to achieve a highly efficient membrane self-cleaning.
中文翻译：
由于需要化学加料以及复杂的模块和材料设计，阻碍了基于羟基自由基产生的反应膜。在这里，我们利用一种电化学方法，其特征在于通过氯离子的阳极氧化原位产生反应性（自由基）氯物种（RCS），以进行膜自清洁。制备了具有高亲水性，渗透性和导电性的杂化碳纳米管（CNT）功能化陶瓷膜（h-CNT / CM）。使用卡马西平（CBZ）作为探针，我们证实了带电h-CNT / CM中存在RCS。单次超滤中CBZ的快速完全降解表明，三维多孔CNT交织层中的局部RCS浓度很高。–）编队。使用电动错流膜过滤系统评估模型有机污垢物（藻酸盐）结垢后膜的自清洁效率。短时间（1分钟）用3或4 V的施加电压和100或10 mM氯化钠的进料进行自清洁后，结垢的h-CNT / CM表现出几乎完全的水通量恢复。考虑到与使用次氯酸钠的常规膜化学清洗相比，RCS介导的自清洗性能优越，我们的结果证明了RCS原位发电以实现高效膜自清洗的有效策略。 |
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